Animal vs. Plant cells – Similarities, Differences, Chart, and Examples
Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic cells. They all have nuclei, cell membranes, and organelles…
Cell Culture Basics – The Foundation of Biotechnology
Cell culture is a technique to grow and maintain cells in a Petri dish or…
What is a Chromosome? – Function and structure
Chromosomes are made up of bundles of tightly coiled DNA molecules and proteins called histones….
Flagella and Cilia – Definition, Structure, and Functions
Flagella and cilia are two types of cellular structures that allow movement in most microorganisms…
What is Transcription? – From DNA to RNA
Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a DNA segment. This copy…
Red Blood Cells – Definition, Biology, and Observation under the Microscope
What are red blood cells – an overview Red blood cells (RBCs, also called erythrocytes)…
White blood cells – Types, Biology, and Observation under the Microscope
White blood cells are a critical part of our body’s immune system. Types of white…
Cell Nucleus – function, structure, and under a microscope
Nucleus is a double-membrane organelle, and it controls cell activities and carries genetic information to…
Ribosome – protein factory – definition, function, structure, and biology
Ribosomes are complex molecular machines that make proteins inside cells. Ribosomes consist of two subunits…
What is an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)?
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are pluripotent stem cells that can be generated and reprogrammed…
Cardiomyocytes (Cardiac Muscle Cells) – Structure, Function, Cell Biology and Histology
Cardiomyocytes are the muscle cells that make up the heart muscle. Cardiomyocytes go through a…
Centrosomes – the engine of cell division – definition, structure, function, and biology
A centrosome comprises two centrioles that serve as microtubule organizing center (MTOC). Its function is…
Cytoskeleton – the muscle and the bone of a cell – definition, structure, function, and biology
The cytoskeleton is a network of filament proteins that extends throughout a cell. It gives…
Cell membrane – definition, structure, function, and biology
The cell membrane is a lipid bilayer that separates the interior of cells from the…
Endoplasmic reticulum – the cellular inter “NET” – definition, structure, function, and biology
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an internal membrane that forms branching networks of many interconnected sacs…
Peroxisome – free-radical scavengers – definition, structure, function, and biology
The peroxisome is a spherical membrane-bound organelle responsible for the fatty acid breakdown and the…
Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes – What are the Similarities, Differences, and Examples
All living organisms fall into one of two categories: Eukaryotes (plants, animals, and fungi) or…
Lysosome – the cell’s recycling center – definition, structure, function, and biology
Lysosomes are small organelles that work as the recycling center in the cells. Many lysosomal…
Mitochondria – the powerhouses of the cell – definition, structure, function, and biology
Mitochondrion is a rod-shaped organelle and its function is to generate energy (ATP) for the…
Vacuole Function and Structure – Extra Space Storage
The vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle that is present in all plant cells. The main…
Chloroplast Function and Structure – Solar Panels
The chloroplast main function is to convert energy from the Sun into glucose for growth,…
Golgi Apparatus Function – the Post Office inside the Cells
Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The function of Golgi…
Cell Organelles and their Functions
A cell organelle is a tiny cellular structure that performs specific functions within a cell,…
Cell Biology on the Dining Table – Plant Cell Model
Plant cells share many organelles in common with animal cells. There are three unique features…
What is Mitosis (Food model of mitosis)
Mitosis is a process of cell division, one cell divides and produces two new cells…
Why Cell Division is Important
Cell division is necessary for the growth of organisms, repair of damaged tissues, healing and…
The Function of the Autophagosome and Endosome
Autophagosomes break down the misfunctioned organelles and recycle the nutrient. Endosomes bring outside material into…
Cell Biology on the Dining Table – Animal Cell Model Part II
Use this guide to build a creative animal cell model using household items. You will…
Cell Biology on the Dining Table – Animal Cell Model Part I
We choose fruit and vegetable to create our own cell model project. For example, we…